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	<title>Comments on: IPCC AR4 projections and observations, part 1</title>
	<atom:link href="http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/</link>
	<description>Exploring climate science disinformation in Canada and beyond</description>
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		<title>By: Michaels and Knappenberger&#8217;s World Climate Report: &#8220;No warming whatsoever over the past decade&#8221; &#171; Deep Climate</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-3843</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Michaels and Knappenberger&#8217;s World Climate Report: &#8220;No warming whatsoever over the past decade&#8221; &#171; Deep Climate]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jun 2010 22:47:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-3843</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] and alternative analyses of decadal change, in subsequent posts.  In the mean time, here is last year&#8217;s initial tentative effort at such an approach, which acknowledges that recent temperatures have been below projections, and [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] and alternative analyses of decadal change, in subsequent posts.  In the mean time, here is last year&#8217;s initial tentative effort at such an approach, which acknowledges that recent temperatures have been below projections, and [...]</p>
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		<title>By: MapleLeaf</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-2045</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[MapleLeaf]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2010 18:52:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-2045</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Girma, go to Tamino&#039;s page.  Look at the latest post.  Then look at the graphs in which Tamino compares model output (for those AOGCMs used in AR4) with the observations.  The models are pretty good.

Anyhow, I do not want to debate this with you here b/c it is OT.  Go to Tamino&#039;s blog a pontificate there.

&lt;em&gt;[&lt;strong&gt;DC:&lt;/strong&gt; I think Girma has been banned most places, for obvious reasons.]&lt;/em&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Girma, go to Tamino&#8217;s page.  Look at the latest post.  Then look at the graphs in which Tamino compares model output (for those AOGCMs used in AR4) with the observations.  The models are pretty good.</p>
<p>Anyhow, I do not want to debate this with you here b/c it is OT.  Go to Tamino&#8217;s blog a pontificate there.</p>
<p><em>[<strong>DC:</strong> I think Girma has been banned most places, for obvious reasons.]</em></p>
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		<title>By: Girma</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-2037</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Girma]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jan 2010 12:27:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-2037</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[IPCC projections disproved!

&lt;em&gt;[&lt;strong&gt;DC: &lt;/strong&gt;Off topic - also your linked chart connects a smoothed curve up to 2005 to actual observations for 2006-2008. That&#039;s highly misleading.]&lt;/em&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>IPCC projections disproved!</p>
<p><em>[<strong>DC: </strong>Off topic - also your linked chart connects a smoothed curve up to 2005 to actual observations for 2006-2008. That's highly misleading.]</em></p>
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		<title>By: TCO</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-169</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[TCO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2009 02:39:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-169</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I think the biggie actually knows more about his particular part of things than either of you, but that Tamino would have more skills in his area.  However, you guys know a lot more of the details of current climate debates and such.  I think he&#039;s just kind of one of these people&#039;s who pretty bemused and not really a part of the debate.  His reaction to seeing your picture of the trends was...yeah...that&#039;s what you&#039;re going to get in that situation.  Because to start with, he thinks any 10 year temp trend is going to have too much uncertainty because of autocorr.

Thanks.

&lt;em&gt;[DC: I just meant I&#039;m not in the same league as Tamino. But I think we can all agree on 10 yr temp trends.]&lt;/em&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think the biggie actually knows more about his particular part of things than either of you, but that Tamino would have more skills in his area.  However, you guys know a lot more of the details of current climate debates and such.  I think he&#8217;s just kind of one of these people&#8217;s who pretty bemused and not really a part of the debate.  His reaction to seeing your picture of the trends was&#8230;yeah&#8230;that&#8217;s what you&#8217;re going to get in that situation.  Because to start with, he thinks any 10 year temp trend is going to have too much uncertainty because of autocorr.</p>
<p>Thanks.</p>
<p><em>[DC: I just meant I'm not in the same league as Tamino. But I think we can all agree on 10 yr temp trends.]</em></p>
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		<title>By: TCO</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-165</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[TCO]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2009 21:48:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-165</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1.  I corresponded with a &quot;biggie&quot; in the error determination field (Lucia would respect the guy).  He doesn&#039;t want to get into blog storms.  But thinks that Lucia is not properly accounting for long temr variability when looking at her several year trends.  Finds your graph of multi-year trends compelling and had some other reasons for Lucia being off.  (Basically not properly accounting for the longer term noise.)

2.  Change topic:  Could you do a second degree polynomial fit to the full series UAH data?  or RSS?  I just want to see how much the &quot;recent flattening&quot; turns the record with that degree of play (not saying its justified, but just to look at).

3.  How do I download the monthly data to Excel so I can do regressions?

&lt;em&gt;[DC: 
1. If your &quot;biggie&quot; correspondent likes me, he&#039;ll love Tamino. There was a recent post there (within the last month or so) on the correct calculation of short-term uncertainties. I&#039;ll try and dig that out when I have a chance.

2. As I&#039;m sure you know, there are only two possibilities for the slope change. I believe it will be decreasing, and the polynomial fit will show some &quot;flattening&quot;. On the other hand, the linear fit for 1979-2008 is higher than 1979-2000, so who knows for sure. I don&#039;t think it means too much either way, but I&#039;ll try it when I have a chance and give you a link.

3. Short answer - check the data links at Tamino&#039;s. He really does have it together. Let me know if that works.

Later .. gotta run]&lt;/em&gt;
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1.  I corresponded with a &#8220;biggie&#8221; in the error determination field (Lucia would respect the guy).  He doesn&#8217;t want to get into blog storms.  But thinks that Lucia is not properly accounting for long temr variability when looking at her several year trends.  Finds your graph of multi-year trends compelling and had some other reasons for Lucia being off.  (Basically not properly accounting for the longer term noise.)</p>
<p>2.  Change topic:  Could you do a second degree polynomial fit to the full series UAH data?  or RSS?  I just want to see how much the &#8220;recent flattening&#8221; turns the record with that degree of play (not saying its justified, but just to look at).</p>
<p>3.  How do I download the monthly data to Excel so I can do regressions?</p>
<p><em>[DC:<br />
1. If your "biggie" correspondent likes me, he'll love Tamino. There was a recent post there (within the last month or so) on the correct calculation of short-term uncertainties. I'll try and dig that out when I have a chance.</p>
<p>2. As I'm sure you know, there are only two possibilities for the slope change. I believe it will be decreasing, and the polynomial fit will show some "flattening". On the other hand, the linear fit for 1979-2008 is higher than 1979-2000, so who knows for sure. I don't think it means too much either way, but I'll try it when I have a chance and give you a link.</p>
<p>3. Short answer - check the data links at Tamino's. He really does have it together. Let me know if that works.</p>
<p>Later .. gotta run]</em></p>
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		<title>By: &#8220;Suppressed&#8221; Carlin report based on Pat Michaels attack on EPA &#171; Deep Climate</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-129</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[&#8220;Suppressed&#8221; Carlin report based on Pat Michaels attack on EPA &#171; Deep Climate]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jun 2009 01:23:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-129</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] innumerable times, but if you must you can look at two of my recent modest efforts here and here, or innumerable posts at RealClimate [e.g here] or Tamino&#8217;s Open Mind [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] innumerable times, but if you must you can look at two of my recent modest efforts here and here, or innumerable posts at RealClimate [e.g here] or Tamino&#8217;s Open Mind [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Deep Climate</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-108</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Deep Climate]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2009 17:16:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Answer to above comment from Lucia:

A) &lt;em&gt;2008 outside confidence limits.&lt;/em&gt;
These are 90% confidence limits derived from the smoothed projections in AR4 Fig. 10.26 (as explained above). The smoothed observation trends are within these projections. Some individual years are outside smoothed projected/hindcast trend confidence limits (e.g. 1998 and 2008), but that is to be expected.

B) &lt;em&gt;Linear trends 2000-2010&lt;/em&gt;
For the period shown in my final graph, I have A1B at 0.207 deg/decade and A2 at 0.176 deg/decade. The average between the two is very close to 0.19 deg/decade, so the generic 0.2 deg/decade is a tad high, if anything.

C) &lt;em&gt;Smoothed projection trend&lt;/em&gt;
The smoothed projections in fig. 10.26 are very close to linear for the 2000-2010. I could have shown the actual smoothed trends for A1B and A2, and perhaps I will in part 2. This will slightly complicate the graph, but not change the essential conclusion. ]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Answer to above comment from Lucia:</p>
<p>A) <em>2008 outside confidence limits.</em><br />
These are 90% confidence limits derived from the smoothed projections in AR4 Fig. 10.26 (as explained above). The smoothed observation trends are within these projections. Some individual years are outside smoothed projected/hindcast trend confidence limits (e.g. 1998 and 2008), but that is to be expected.</p>
<p>B) <em>Linear trends 2000-2010</em><br />
For the period shown in my final graph, I have A1B at 0.207 deg/decade and A2 at 0.176 deg/decade. The average between the two is very close to 0.19 deg/decade, so the generic 0.2 deg/decade is a tad high, if anything.</p>
<p>C) <em>Smoothed projection trend</em><br />
The smoothed projections in fig. 10.26 are very close to linear for the 2000-2010. I could have shown the actual smoothed trends for A1B and A2, and perhaps I will in part 2. This will slightly complicate the graph, but not change the essential conclusion.</p>
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		<title>By: Deep Climate</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-107</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Deep Climate]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2009 17:15:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-107</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here&#039;s a comment from Lucia (&lt;a href=&quot;http://rankexploits.com/musings/2009/us-climate-change-report-shows-surface-temperatures-lower-than-projected/#comment-14769&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;originally posted at the Blackboard)&lt;/a&gt;:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Deep-
A) Do you really think your dashed line indicates those are 5%-95% confidence intervals? If yes, that means 2008 was outside the 90% confidence intervals.

B) Figure 10.4 represents the IPCC projections and its based on the underlying models. The trend over the period you show is higher than 2 C/century.

C) If you are going to compare smoothed data to IPCC projections, it would be best to apply the same smoothing to the actual, honest to goodness IPCC projections. You should avoid apples to coconuts comparisons even if the apple to coconuts comparisons give you the answers you prefer.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here&#8217;s a comment from Lucia (<a href="http://rankexploits.com/musings/2009/us-climate-change-report-shows-surface-temperatures-lower-than-projected/#comment-14769" rel="nofollow">originally posted at the Blackboard)</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Deep-<br />
A) Do you really think your dashed line indicates those are 5%-95% confidence intervals? If yes, that means 2008 was outside the 90% confidence intervals.</p>
<p>B) Figure 10.4 represents the IPCC projections and its based on the underlying models. The trend over the period you show is higher than 2 C/century.</p>
<p>C) If you are going to compare smoothed data to IPCC projections, it would be best to apply the same smoothing to the actual, honest to goodness IPCC projections. You should avoid apples to coconuts comparisons even if the apple to coconuts comparisons give you the answers you prefer.</p></blockquote>
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		<title>By: PaulM</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-98</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PaulM]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2009 20:47:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-98</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[What do you mean by &#039;longer term trends are relatively stable&#039;? It is obvious that the longer your trend period is, the more slowly it will change. No matter how you try to spin and manipulate the data, the trend is falling, contrary to the predictions of the scaremongers who claim it is accelerating. 

The other thing that you fail to mention is that the fall in the 8 year trend in the early 1990s was due to the Pinatubo eruption in 1991. There is no analogous eruption to explain the current falling trend.

&lt;em&gt;One can plausibly argue that observed temperature trends are below projections, albeit without statistical significance. But there is absolutely no evidence that &quot;trends are falling&quot; in any meaningful sense (i.e. at the multi-decadal level). 

The recent inter-annual trough appears to have resulted from the confluence of a fairly strong with La Nina episode with an unusually extended inter-cycle solar minimum (both of which have now ended). It is almost certain that the eight year trend from 2003-2010 will be well above that from 2001-2008. At that point will you then say the &quot;currently falling&quot; trends are rising again?&lt;/em&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What do you mean by &#8216;longer term trends are relatively stable&#8217;? It is obvious that the longer your trend period is, the more slowly it will change. No matter how you try to spin and manipulate the data, the trend is falling, contrary to the predictions of the scaremongers who claim it is accelerating. </p>
<p>The other thing that you fail to mention is that the fall in the 8 year trend in the early 1990s was due to the Pinatubo eruption in 1991. There is no analogous eruption to explain the current falling trend.</p>
<p><em>One can plausibly argue that observed temperature trends are below projections, albeit without statistical significance. But there is absolutely no evidence that &#8220;trends are falling&#8221; in any meaningful sense (i.e. at the multi-decadal level). </p>
<p>The recent inter-annual trough appears to have resulted from the confluence of a fairly strong with La Nina episode with an unusually extended inter-cycle solar minimum (both of which have now ended). It is almost certain that the eight year trend from 2003-2010 will be well above that from 2001-2008. At that point will you then say the &#8220;currently falling&#8221; trends are rising again?</em></p>
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		<title>By: Richard Steckis</title>
		<link>http://deepclimate.org/2009/06/03/ipcc-ar4-projections-and-observations-part-1/#comment-95</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Richard Steckis]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2009 12:26:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://deepclimate.org/?p=304#comment-95</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You say:

&quot;In order to undertake a similar analysis comparing current observations to the latest IPCC projection, we first derive a smoothed temperature record to the end of 2008, using a 21-point lowess smooth (data used goes back to 1970 and is baselined to 1980-1999).&quot;

Your graph says LOESS which is a different algorithm. That being said, using a 21 point loess (span = 0.7? in R) is far too coarse and is not the intended purpose of that statistical method. Loess and Lowess were designed as noise reduction algorithms and adapted to statistical method for other noisy data types. A span of 0.7 in almost any series is next to useless for the derivation of signal from noise. For your dataset a span of 0.25 or 0.3 would be far more suitable for fitting to the data. The span should not reflect the length of the base period but the minimum length of the span that will give an accurate signal from the noise.

My point is that you are using lowess or loess outside of it&#039;s intended purpose and with a smoothing factor that most statisticians (I referred this before to a statistics expert) would regard as not giving any useful information.

&lt;em&gt;[DC: Some authorities treat lowess and loess as equivalent, while others treat lowess as a particular form (namely local linear fitting) of the more general loess smoothing (which can be quadratic). I&#039;ve added a few references on the subject as an update above. I&#039;ll also relabel the graph to eliminate any confusion.

Recommended alpha for lowess smoothing (i.e. ratio of smoothing &quot;window&quot; to number of data points) is 0.25 to 0.5. In the case of global surface temperature series, it is very common to analyze series since 1900 or 1950. Applying the above rule of thumb to such series would give anywhere from a 21-point to a 55-point window. 

21 points makes intuitive sense, because this uses a decade before and after each point of estimation. It also happens to be the same number of points used by HadCRU&#039;s binomial weighted moving average  (which can be seen, by the way, as a special case of loess smoothing, with polynomial degree = 0 and an alternative weighting function).

Of course, lowess smoothing is much superior to the higher-order polynomial trends used until recently by Roy Spencer, as &lt;a href=&quot;http://deepclimate.org/2009/04/09/the-alberta-oil-boys-network-spins-global-warming-into-cooling/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;discussed in a previous post&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You say:</p>
<p>&#8220;In order to undertake a similar analysis comparing current observations to the latest IPCC projection, we first derive a smoothed temperature record to the end of 2008, using a 21-point lowess smooth (data used goes back to 1970 and is baselined to 1980-1999).&#8221;</p>
<p>Your graph says LOESS which is a different algorithm. That being said, using a 21 point loess (span = 0.7? in R) is far too coarse and is not the intended purpose of that statistical method. Loess and Lowess were designed as noise reduction algorithms and adapted to statistical method for other noisy data types. A span of 0.7 in almost any series is next to useless for the derivation of signal from noise. For your dataset a span of 0.25 or 0.3 would be far more suitable for fitting to the data. The span should not reflect the length of the base period but the minimum length of the span that will give an accurate signal from the noise.</p>
<p>My point is that you are using lowess or loess outside of it&#8217;s intended purpose and with a smoothing factor that most statisticians (I referred this before to a statistics expert) would regard as not giving any useful information.</p>
<p><em>[DC: Some authorities treat lowess and loess as equivalent, while others treat lowess as a particular form (namely local linear fitting) of the more general loess smoothing (which can be quadratic). I've added a few references on the subject as an update above. I'll also relabel the graph to eliminate any confusion.</p>
<p>Recommended alpha for lowess smoothing (i.e. ratio of smoothing "window" to number of data points) is 0.25 to 0.5. In the case of global surface temperature series, it is very common to analyze series since 1900 or 1950. Applying the above rule of thumb to such series would give anywhere from a 21-point to a 55-point window. </p>
<p>21 points makes intuitive sense, because this uses a decade before and after each point of estimation. It also happens to be the same number of points used by HadCRU's binomial weighted moving average  (which can be seen, by the way, as a special case of loess smoothing, with polynomial degree = 0 and an alternative weighting function).</p>
<p>Of course, lowess smoothing is much superior to the higher-order polynomial trends used until recently by Roy Spencer, as <a href="http://deepclimate.org/2009/04/09/the-alberta-oil-boys-network-spins-global-warming-into-cooling/" rel="nofollow">discussed in a previous post</a>.</em></p>
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